1.顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，但仍以苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)为(wei)主。 1.苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)V-Mo-P系(xi)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)，在(zai)固(gu)定床(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)发(fa)生(sheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度为(wei)365℃（反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)床(chuang)(chuang)层(ceng)也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)沸(fei)(fei)腾(teng)(teng)(teng)床(chuang)(chuang)，但消耗高(gao)(gao)）。然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，再经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)共(gong)(gong)沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，刮片得(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 2.丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷（或(huo)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)）氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷（或(huo)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)）在(zai)V-Mo催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)或(huo)氧(yang)气(qi)(qi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度350-400℃。然后(hou)(hou)再经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)，脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 (1)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)V、MO、Ti、P系(xi)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)存在(zai)下(xia)(xia)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)为(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)进(jin)行(xing)共(gong)(gong)沸(fei)(fei)蒸(zheng)(zheng)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)得(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)减(jian)压(ya)精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 1、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)直(zhi)径(jing)1500mm、总(zong)高(gao)(gao)17500mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)沸(fei)(fei)腾(teng)(teng)(teng)床(chuang)(chuang)，装(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)微球形钒-钼催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)2000kg。开车(che)前先以热(re)(re)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)将(jiang)沸(fei)(fei)腾(teng)(teng)(teng)床(chuang)(chuang)内催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)层(ceng)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)到(dao)(dao)350℃活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)数小时(shi)(shi)(shi)。随后(hou)(hou)将(jiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)以每(mei)(mei)小时(shi)(shi)(shi)150kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)量(liang)喷入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)层(ceng)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度约(yue)为(wei)360℃，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)沸(fei)(fei)腾(teng)(teng)(teng)床(chuang)(chuang)顶部(bu)分(fen)离去(qu)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)输(shu)到(dao)(dao)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)系(xi)统。氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)约(yue)45%。 2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)喷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文氏(shi)管(guan)骤冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，再进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)直(zhi)径(jing)1400mm、高(gao)(gao)7000mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循球喷淋(lin)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)蒸(zheng)(zheng)气(qi)(qi)被水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)含量(liang)约(yue)30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。 3、共(gong)(gong)沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)共(gong)(gong)沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)塔釜(fu)内先加(jia)混(hun)合(he)二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)3000kg加(jia)热(re)(re)至(zhi)温(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)136℃,釜(fu)内二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)沸(fei)(fei)腾(teng)(teng)(teng)，此时(shi)(shi)(shi)将(jiang)30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)自(zi)(zi)塔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)，每(mei)(mei)小时(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)350kg，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)与(yu)二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)(gong)沸(fei)(fei)物(wu)自(zi)(zi)顶部(bu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)出，顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)失水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)溶(rong)(rong)于(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，下(xia)(xia)流(liu)至(zhi)塔釜(fu)内。待(dai)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液(ye)(ye)总(zong)量(liang)达6000kg时(shi)(shi)(shi)，釜(fu)内二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)含量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)30%，此溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)输(shu)至(zhi)减(jian)压(ya)精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)釜(fu)，先在(zai)釜(fu)温(wen)(wen)100℃、塔顶温(wen)(wen)110℃、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度93.3kpa的(de)(de)(de)(de)条件下(xia)(xia)业精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)至(zhi)精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)率(lv)(lv)为(wei)90%部(bu)收(shou)(shou)率(lv)(lv)40%。该法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)每(mei)(mei)吨顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)消耗苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)2000kg、二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)140kg。 （2）苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)-联合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)预热(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)被送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)列(lie)管(guan)式固(gu)定床(chuang)(chuang)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)内和(he)(he)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)接触(chu)进(jin)行(xing)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)气(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)两(liang)个(ge)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)却(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)至(zhi)150℃左右，再进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)部(bu)分(fen)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)被水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)却(que)至(zhi)比顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)熔点(dian)稍高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)度（60℃），约(yue)有(you)50%-60%的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝为(wei)液(ye)(ye)态，剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%-50%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)稀(xi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液(ye)(ye)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)40%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)薄膜(mo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)发(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)100%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，再进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)粗酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)连续真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)精(jing)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)塔精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 （3）C4烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)烃法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)该法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是以混(hun)合(he)C4馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等为(wei)原料，和(he)(he)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)（或(huo)氧(yang)气(qi)(qi)）在(zai)V2O5-P2O5系(xi)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)气(qi)(qi)相氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先脱(tuo)(tuo)氢(qing)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，再氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)为(wei)：C4馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)与(yu)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)后(hou)(hou)进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)(chuang)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，与(yu)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)接触(chu)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)热(re)(re)由通水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)却(que)盘(pan)管(guan)除(chu)(chu)去(qu)并产(chan)(chan)生(sheng)高(gao)(gao)压(ya)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)。温(wen)(wen)度为(wei)400-500℃，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔得(de)(de)(de)(de)马来酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，而后(hou)(hou)进(jin)行(xing)浓(nong)(nong)缩(suo)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)简(jian)单蒸(zheng)(zheng)馏(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)即得(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 （4）正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)是以正(zheng)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷为(wei)原料，在(zai)V2O5-P2O5系(xi)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)发(fa)生(sheng)气(qi)(qi)相氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。副(fu)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)除(chu)(chu)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳、二(er)(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外(wai)，还生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)醛、酮、酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)。根据(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)同公开发(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)技术，也分(fen)固(gu)定床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。固(gu)定床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（如(ru)Halcon/SD法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)：空(kong)气(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滤(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滤(lv)后(hou)(hou)，压(ya)缩(suo)到(dao)(dao)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)压(ya)力；丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烷在(zai)汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)热(re)(re)后(hou)(hou)与(yu)压(ya)缩(suo)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)，一起(qi)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)循环(huan)熔盐除(chu)(chu)去(qu)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)热(re)(re)。反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)却(que)与(yu)软水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)进(jin)行(xing)热(re)(re)交换，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)却(que)至(zhi)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)熔点(dian)，约(yue)有(you)50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凝析出来，并进(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)精(jing)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)贮槽，再泵(beng)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)序进(jin)行(xing)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。分(fen)离器(qi)(qi)(qi)顶部(bu)出来的(de)(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)气(qi)(qi)通入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)洗(xi)涤，未冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)全部(bu)转(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)贮槽再送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)塔脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塔精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。 （5）苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)副(fu)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)由邻二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，可以副(fu)产(chan)(chan)得(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)一定数量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，其产(chan)(chan)量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5%。在(zai)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)尾(wei)气(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)洗(xi)涤塔除(chu)(chu)去(qu)有(you)机(ji)物(wu)后(hou)(hou)排放到(dao)(dao)大气(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，洗(xi)涤液(ye)(ye)为(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等杂(za)质，经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)浓(nong)(nong)缩(suo)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)加(jia)热(re)(re)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)得(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 4.使苹果酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)脱(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)马来酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三氯(lv)甲(jia)(jia)烷重结晶进(jin)行(xing)精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：