用(yong)作(zuo)生产1,4-丁二醇、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、琥(hu)珀酸(suan)、不饱(bao)和聚酯树脂、醇酸(suan)树脂等的原料，也(ye)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)医(yi)药和农药;金属选(xuan)矿中充当捕收剂;用(yong)于(yu)(yu)有(you)机合成，也(ye)用(yong)作(zuo)合成纤维中间体;顺丁烯(xi)二酸(suan)酐又(you)名顺酐、马..

1.顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)正丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，但仍以苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。 1.苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)V-Mo-P系(xi)(xi)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，在(zai)固定床(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)发(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)365℃（反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)床(chuang)(chuang)层也可(ke)用(yong)沸(fei)(fei)腾床(chuang)(chuang)，但消耗高(gao)）。然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，再(zai)(zai)经(jing)(jing)(jing)共沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)精(jing)(jing)馏，刮片得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。 2.丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)（或丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)）氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)（或丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)）在(zai)V-Mo催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)350-400℃。然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)经(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。 (1)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)V、MO、Ti、P系(xi)(xi)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)存在(zai)下(xia)(xia)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)共沸(fei)(fei)蒸(zheng)(zheng)馏脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)得(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)减(jian)压精(jing)(jing)馏得(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。 1、氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直径(jing)1500mm、总高(gao)17500mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沸(fei)(fei)腾床(chuang)(chuang)，装入(ru)(ru)微球形(xing)(xing)钒-钼催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)2000kg。开(kai)(kai)车前先(xian)以热(re)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)将沸(fei)(fei)腾床(chuang)(chuang)内(nei)(nei)(nei)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)层升温(wen)(wen)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)350℃活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)数小时(shi)(shi)(shi)。随后(hou)(hou)(hou)将冷(leng)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以每小时(shi)(shi)(shi)150kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流量(liang)喷入(ru)(ru)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)层，控制(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)温(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)约(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)360℃，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)经(jing)(jing)(jing)沸(fei)(fei)腾床(chuang)(chuang)顶部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)离去(qu)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)输到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)系(xi)(xi)统。氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率约(yue)(yue)45%。 2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)经(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)喷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文氏管(guan)(guan)骤冷(leng)，再(zai)(zai)进(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)直径(jing)1400mm、高(gao)7000mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循球喷淋吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)蒸(zheng)(zheng)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)被水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)含量(liang)约(yue)(yue)30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。 3、共沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、精(jing)(jing)馏在(zai)共沸(fei)(fei)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)釜(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)先(xian)加混合二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)3000kg加热(re)至(zhi)温(wen)(wen)高(gao)于(yu)136℃,釜(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)沸(fei)(fei)腾，此时(shi)(shi)(shi)将30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)自塔(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)送(song)入(ru)(ru)，每小时(shi)(shi)(shi)流量(liang)约(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)350kg，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)与(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共沸(fei)(fei)物自顶部(bu)(bu)(bu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)，顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)失水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)于(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)，下(xia)(xia)流至(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)釜(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)。待送(song)入(ru)(ru)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液(ye)(ye)总量(liang)达6000kg时(shi)(shi)(shi)，釜(fu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)含量(liang)约(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)30%，此溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)输至(zhi)减(jian)压精(jing)(jing)馏釜(fu)，先(xian)在(zai)釜(fu)温(wen)(wen)100℃、塔(ta)(ta)(ta)顶温(wen)(wen)110℃、真空(kong)度(du)(du)93.3kpa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)条件下(xia)(xia)业精(jing)(jing)馏得(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)至(zhi)精(jing)(jing)馏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)率为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90%部(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)率40%。该法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)每吨(dun)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)消耗苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)2000kg、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)140kg。 （2）苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)-联合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)预热(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混合物被送(song)入(ru)(ru)列管(guan)(guan)式固定床(chuang)(chuang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)和(he)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)接触进(jin)(jin)行(xing)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)两(liang)个气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)冷(leng)却(que)器(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)至(zhi)150℃左右，再(zai)(zai)进(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)被水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷(leng)却(que)至(zhi)比顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)熔(rong)点(dian)稍高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)（60℃），约(yue)(yue)有(you)50%-60%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)冷(leng)凝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液(ye)(ye)态，剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%-50%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)稀顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液(ye)(ye)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)40%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)(jing)薄膜蒸(zheng)(zheng)发(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)100%顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，再(zai)(zai)进(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)粗酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)经(jing)(jing)(jing)连续真空(kong)精(jing)(jing)馏塔(ta)(ta)(ta)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)得(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。 （3）C4烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)烃法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)该法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)以混合C4馏分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)正丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、丁(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等(deng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)，和(he)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（或氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）在(zai)V2O5-P2O5系(xi)(xi)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)经(jing)(jing)(jing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)正丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)氢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)丁(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，再(zai)(zai)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。工(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：C4馏分(fen)与(yu)空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合后(hou)(hou)(hou)进(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)(chuang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，与(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)接触生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)热(re)由通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)却(que)盘管(guan)(guan)除(chu)去(qu)并产(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)压蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)。温(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)400-500℃，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)经(jing)(jing)(jing)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)得(de)(de)马来酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，而后(hou)(hou)(hou)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)浓缩脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)经(jing)(jing)(jing)简(jian)单(dan)蒸(zheng)(zheng)馏即(ji)得(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品。 （4）正丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)正丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)艺(yi)是(shi)以正丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)，在(zai)V2O5-P2O5系(xi)(xi)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)发(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。副反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)除(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外(wai)，还生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)醛(quan)、酮(tong)、酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等(deng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合物。根据水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)同公开(kai)(kai)发(fa)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)艺(yi)技术，也分(fen)固定床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。固定床(chuang)(chuang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（如(ru)Halcon/SD法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)：空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滤(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滤(lv)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，压缩到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)压力；丁(ding)(ding)烷(wan)(wan)在(zai)汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)热(re)后(hou)(hou)(hou)与(yu)压缩空(kong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合，一(yi)起送(song)入(ru)(ru)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)循环熔(rong)盐除(chu)去(qu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)热(re)。反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)冷(leng)却(que)与(yu)软水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)热(re)交换，冷(leng)却(que)至(zhi)高(gao)于(yu)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)熔(rong)点(dian)，约(yue)(yue)有(you)50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凝析出(chu)来，并进(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)精(jing)(jing)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)贮槽，再(zai)(zai)泵送(song)入(ru)(ru)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)工(gong)序(xu)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)。分(fen)离器(qi)(qi)(qi)顶部(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)来的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)入(ru)(ru)洗(xi)(xi)涤，未冷(leng)凝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)转化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，经(jing)(jing)(jing)贮槽再(zai)(zai)送(song)入(ru)(ru)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)送(song)入(ru)(ru)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)产(chan)(chan)品顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。 （5）苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)副产(chan)(chan)品法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)由邻二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)以副产(chan)(chan)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)定数量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)品，其产(chan)(chan)量(liang)约(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5%。在(zai)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)尾气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)洗(xi)(xi)涤塔(ta)(ta)(ta)除(chu)去(qu)有(you)机物后(hou)(hou)(hou)排放到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，洗(xi)(xi)涤液(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)和(he)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等(deng)杂质，经(jing)(jing)(jing)浓缩精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)和(he)加热(re)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)产(chan)(chan)品。 4.使(shi)苹果酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)马来酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)三氯甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)(wan)重结晶进(jin)(jin)行(xing)精(jing)(jing)制(zhi)：