一、苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)都采(cai)用硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)经(jing)(jing)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)得(de)。通常(chang)采(cai)用的催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂为(wei)Cu-SiO2，该催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂选择性(xing)好，能顺利地(di)将(jiang)硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)，不易产(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)核上(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)。反(fan)应(ying)(ying)是在(zai)(zai)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)，氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)经(jing)(jing)纯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)处理(li)后(hou)，由(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)热(re)器(qi)(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)热(re)到350～400℃，再进(jin)入蒸(zheng)发器(qi)(qi)，同时硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)由(you)高位(wei)槽进(jin)入蒸(zheng)发器(qi)(qi)，与(yu)(yu)热(re)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)接触(chu)气(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，并过热(re)至(zhi)180～223℃，混合气(qi)体从流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)底部进(jin)入，与(yu)(yu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)于(yu)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)内(nei)(nei)(nei)的载于(yu)硅胶上(shang)的铜(tong)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂接触(chu)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的粗(cu)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)与(yu)(yu)水蒸(zheng)气(qi)由(you)床(chuang)顶排出。粗(cu)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)经(jing)(jing)冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)冷(leng)却，分离，再经(jing)(jing)精馏得(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)。现在(zai)(zai)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)已实(shi)现了(le)连续化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)常(chang)压沸腾回流(liu)条件下进(jin)行(xing)(xing)，实(shi)现了(le)小设备大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)。 二、苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)的工业生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)铁粉还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氨(an)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酚(fen)氨(an)解法(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。其中(zhong)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)氨(an)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)由(you)于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本高、设备腐(fu)蚀等(deng)原(yuan)因，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)国外(wai)(wai)已完全停止使用。硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是目(mu)(mu)前(qian)国内(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)采(cai)用的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。国外(wai)(wai)少数公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)如日本三井石油化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)学公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)（3万(wan)t/a装(zhuang)(zhuang)置）和美国钢铁化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)学公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)（9万(wan)t/a装(zhuang)(zhuang)置）还(hai)(hai)采(cai)用苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)酚(fen)氨(an)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工艺。还(hai)(hai)有的采(cai)用传统的铁粉还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，例如德(de)国拜耳公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和美国莫贝尔公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，利用副产(chan)(chan)的氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)铁联产(chan)(chan)铁系(xi)原(yuan)料，因而(er)使整体经(jing)(jing)济效益优于(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。1.铁粉还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)用铁粉还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)液(ye)用石灰中(zhong)和、洗(xi)涤后(hou)，经(jing)(jing)蒸(zheng)馏得(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。2.加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)硝基(ji)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)(zai)铜(tong)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂存在(zai)(zai)下，在(zai)(zai)沸腾床(chuang)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)气(qi)相加(jia)(jia)(jia)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)还(hai)(hai)原(yuan)，得(de)到粗(cu)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)胺(an)(an)，反(fan)应(ying)(ying)液(ye)经(jing)(jing)冷(leng)凝(ning)分层后(hou)，减压精馏得(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品。